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Science

Explore scientific questions, experiments and discoveries, with explanations of the evidence and methods behind what researchers conclude.

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EDITOR’S PICK

How Scientific Discovery Works: Evidence, Testing and Uncertainty

Science advances by turning questions into testable ideas, confronting them with evidence and revising what we think we know. Here is how that process really works—and why uncertainty is a strength, not a flaw.

Sep 12, 2026 • 8 min readRead the discovery →
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Latest discoveries

New stories, explanations and research from Science.

View of a sunlit castle framed through the lenses of a pair of sunglasses
Physics

How Do Polarized Sunglasses Reduce Glare?

Polarized sunglasses reduce glare by transmitting light that oscillates mainly in one orientation while absorbing the perpendicular component. Reflection from horizontal non-metallic surfaces such…

Oct 13, 2026 • 13 min read
Chocolate bar showing a pale white fat-bloom coating across its surface
Food Science

Why Does Chocolate Turn White?

Chocolate develops a white or grey coating through fat bloom or sugar bloom. Fat bloom occurs when cocoa butter crystals rearrange or fat migrates…

Oct 13, 2026 • 13 min read
Water droplets from condensation covering a glass window at sunset
Everyday Physics

Why Does Glass Fog Up?

Glass fogs when moist air next to it cools to or below its dew point. Water vapour then condenses into countless microscopic liquid droplets…

Oct 12, 2026 • 13 min read
Large helium-filled balloon suspended inside the Eden Project rainforest biome
Science

Why Does Helium Change Your Voice?

Helium makes a voice sound unusually bright because sound travels much faster through helium than through air. That shifts the resonant frequencies of the…

Oct 11, 2026 • 13 min read
Wooden park bench supported by metal legs and frame
Physics

Why Does Metal Feel Colder Than Wood?

Metal feels colder than wood because it has much higher thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity. When your warm hand touches an object at room…

Oct 10, 2026 • 13 min read
Layered cliffs and open space in the Grand Canyon
Physics

Why Do We Hear Echoes?

We hear an echo when sound waves travel to a surface, reflect and return after a noticeable delay. Because sound moves through air at…

Oct 10, 2026 • 13 min read
Close-up photograph of a spherical soap bubble with colourful reflections
Physics

Why Are Bubbles Round?

A free bubble becomes round because surface tension tries to minimize the area of its thin liquid film. For a given enclosed volume, a…

Oct 10, 2026 • 13 min read
Fresh apple being sliced on a cutting board
Food Science

Why Do Cut Apples Turn Brown?

Cut apples turn brown because tissue damage breaks cellular compartments. Oxygen from the air reaches polyphenol oxidase enzymes and phenolic compounds, allowing the enzymes…

Oct 9, 2026 • 13 min read
Several coloured glow sticks shining against a dark background
Chemistry

How Do Glow Sticks Produce Light?

Glow sticks produce light through chemiluminescence. Bending the plastic tube breaks a small inner glass vial and mixes hydrogen peroxide with an oxalate ester…

Oct 9, 2026 • 13 min read